Anarchy 31/Anarchism and practicability - Revision history

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 [[Category:Democracy]]
 [[Category:Labour and industry]]
 [[Category:Articles]]

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 {{tab}}Again many people can{{t}} see fur&shy;ther than the ends of their own noses. This is partly due to an edu&shy;ca&shy;tion sys&shy;tem primar&shy;ily in&shy;ter&shy;ested in pro&shy;du&shy;cing cogs for the cap&shy;it&shy;alist ma&shy;chine but mainly due to a lack of nat&shy;ive in&shy;tel&shy;li&shy;gence. They have enough com&shy;mon sense to know that rant&shy;ing about the mach&shy;in&shy;a&shy;tions of gov&shy;ern&shy;ments and the chi&shy;canery of politi&shy;cians will get them nowhere, but lack the pa&shy;tience and in&shy;tel&shy;li&shy;gence to under&shy;stand so&shy;ci&shy;ology, eco&shy;nom&shy;ics, power polit&shy;ics and sim&shy;ilar sub&shy;jects. Shout&shy;ing {{q|more grub and down with the boss}} was fine with the un&shy;soph&shy;ist&shy;ic&shy;ated Span&shy;iards, but is use&shy;less in com&shy;plex, highly or&shy;gan&shy;ised so&shy;ci&shy;eties like Bri&shy;tain and Amer&shy;ica. And at the other ex&shy;treme try&shy;ing to re&shy;late an&shy;arch&shy;ist pro&shy;pa&shy;ganda to, and pro&shy;mote so&shy;cial con&shy;scious&shy;ness in, a so&shy;ci&shy;ety which gets pro&shy;gres&shy;sively more com&shy;plex, gets pro&shy;gres&shy;sively more dif&shy;fi&shy;cult.
-{{tab}}Does all this make an&shy;arch&shy;ism im&shy;pos&shy;sible?<!-- period in original --> Def&shy;in&shy;itely not. What it does make im&shy;pos&shy;sible is the kind of an&shy;arch&shy;ism where you think of a liber&shy;tarian pat&shy;tern for con&shy;tem&shy;por&shy;ary so&shy;ci&shy;ety and hope to work towards it. It is no good hav&shy;ing cut and dried type free so&shy;ci&shy;eties and say&shy;ing {{q|look, isn{{t}} it nice, let{{s}} set about achiev&shy;ing it}}. An&shy;arch&shy;ism can have no fixed ends, al&shy;though an an&shy;arch&shy;ist so&shy;ci&shy;ety could be static but that would be by chance rather than de&shy;sign. Tent&shy;at&shy;ive ideas, of or&shy;gan&shy;isa&shy;tion and of pos&shy;sible broad out&shy;lines of a free so&shy;ci&shy;ety can be dis&shy;cussed as in this art&shy;icle be&shy;cause people aren{{t}} likely to move into the un&shy;known. What should be ad&shy;voc&shy;ated mainly however is pos&shy;it&shy;ive liber&shy;tar&shy;ian&shy;ism com&shy;bined with hav&shy;ing as little as pos&shy;sible to do with the state. The free&shy;dom to be en&shy;cour&shy;aged is not the {{q|ab&shy;sence of the aware&shy;ness of co&shy;er&shy;cion}} else every {{w|bingo|Bingo_(United_Kingdom)}}-<wbr>player and {{w|telly|Television}}-watcher is free. Nor is it the {{q|free&shy;dom}} to in&shy;dulge in every self&shy;ish, little whim pro&shy;duced by present so&shy;ci&shy;ety. The kind of free&shy;dom to pro&shy;mote is that which en&shy;cour&shy;ages the growth of the pos&shy;it&shy;ive side of the hu&shy;man per&shy;son&shy;al&shy;ity, and you don{{t}} need a de&shy;gree in So&shy;ci&shy;ology to know what that is. When there is more kind&shy;ness, co-<wbr>op&shy;er&shy;a&shy;tion, freer edu&shy;ca&shy;tion, do-<wbr>it-<wbr>your&shy;self, mu&shy;tual or&shy;gasms, cul&shy;tur&shy;al and eco&shy;nomic equal&shy;ity, re&shy;spons&shy;ib&shy;il&shy;ity, urban de&shy;cen&shy;tral&shy;isa&shy;tion, good health and smil&shy;ing faces people will be more ready to of&shy;fer two fin&shy;gers to the state. It will not solve all the world{{s}} prob&shy;lems but it will be a long way down the right track.
+{{tab}}Does all this make an&shy;arch&shy;ism im&shy;pos&shy;sible?<!-- period in original --> Def&shy;in&shy;itely not. What it does make im&shy;pos&shy;sible is the kind of an&shy;arch&shy;ism where you think of a liber&shy;tarian pat&shy;tern for con&shy;tem&shy;por&shy;ary so&shy;ci&shy;ety and hope to work towards it. It is no good hav&shy;ing cut and dried type free so&shy;ci&shy;eties and say&shy;ing {{q|look, isn{{t}} it nice, let{{s}} set about achiev&shy;ing it}}. An&shy;arch&shy;ism can have no fixed ends, al&shy;though an an&shy;arch&shy;ist so&shy;ci&shy;ety could be static but that would be by chance rather than de&shy;sign. Tent&shy;at&shy;ive ideas, of or&shy;gan&shy;isa&shy;tion and of pos&shy;sible broad out&shy;lines of a free so&shy;ci&shy;ety can be dis&shy;cussed as in this art&shy;icle be&shy;cause people aren{{t}} likely to move into the un&shy;known. What should be ad&shy;voc&shy;ated mainly however is pos&shy;it&shy;ive liber&shy;tar&shy;ian&shy;ism com&shy;bined with hav&shy;ing as little as pos&shy;sible to do with the state. The free&shy;dom to be en&shy;cour&shy;aged is not the {{q|ab&shy;sence of the aware&shy;ness of co&shy;er&shy;cion}} else every {{w|bingo|Bingo_(United_Kingdom)}}-<wbr>player and {{w|telly|Television}}-watcher is free. Nor is it the {{q|free&shy;dom}} to in&shy;dulge in every self&shy;ish, little whim pro&shy;duced by present so&shy;ci&shy;ety. The kind of free&shy;dom to pro&shy;mote is that which en&shy;cour&shy;ages the growth of the pos&shy;it&shy;ive side of the hu&shy;man per&shy;son&shy;al&shy;ity, and you don{{t}} need a de&shy;gree in So&shy;ci&shy;ology to know what that is. When there is more kind&shy;ness, co-<wbr>op&shy;er&shy;a&shy;tion, freer edu&shy;ca&shy;tion, do-<wbr>it-<wbr>your&shy;self, mu&shy;tual or&shy;gasms, cul&shy;tur&shy;al and eco&shy;nomic equal&shy;ity, re&shy;spons&shy;ib&shy;il&shy;ity, urban de&shy;cen&shy;tral&shy;isa&shy;tion, good health and smil&shy;ing faces people will be more ready to of&shy;fer {{w|two fin&shy;gers|V_sign#As_an_insult}} to the state. It will not solve all the world{{s}} prob&shy;lems but it will be a long way down the right track.
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Anarchism and practicability}}
 [[Category:Anarchist philosophy]]
 [[Category:Articles]]

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-{{sc|Ask the present people of Bri&shy;tain}} if they would like to live in a peace&shy;ful, class&shy;less, race&shy;less so&shy;ci&shy;ety and the only dis&shy;sent&shy;ers would be those who ima&shy;gined they had some&shy;thing to lose or who for reas&shy;ons of per&shy;sonal in&shy;ad&shy;equacy or sup&shy;port of re&shy;ac&shy;tion&shy;ary ideas ap&shy;prove of hier&shy;arch&shy;ical so&shy;ci&shy;ety and dread a world of free and equal hu&shy;man be&shy;ings. Ex&shy;plain to the as&shy;sent&shy;ers the prob&shy;able time scale, the fact that much of {{q|our Brit&shy;ish way of life}} must be dis&shy;carded, and that the per&shy;sonal ef&shy;fort in&shy;volves much more than a vote every 5 years and their num&shy;ber greatly di&shy;min&shy;ished. There re&shy;mains those people who are dis&shy;en&shy;chanted with present so&shy;ci&shy;ety, see the need for rad&shy;ical change and, most im&shy;port&shy;ant, are pre&shy;pared to do some&shy;thing about it.
+{{sc|Ask the present people of Bri&shy;tain}} if they would like to live in a peace&shy;ful, class&shy;less, race&shy;less so&shy;ci&shy;ety and the only dis&shy;sent&shy;ers would be those who ima&shy;gined they had some&shy;thing to lose or who for reas&shy;ons of per&shy;sonal in&shy;ad&shy;equacy or sup&shy;port of re&shy;ac&shy;tion&shy;ary ideas ap&shy;prove of hier&shy;arch&shy;ical so&shy;ci&shy;ety and dread a world of free and equal hu&shy;man be&shy;ings. Ex&shy;plain to the as&shy;sent&shy;ers the prob&shy;able time scale, the fact that much of {{q|our Brit&shy;ish way of life}} must be dis&shy;carded, and that the per&shy;sonal ef&shy;fort in&shy;volves much more than a vote every 5 years and their num&shy;ber will be greatly di&shy;min&shy;ished. There re&shy;mains those people who are dis&shy;en&shy;chanted with present so&shy;ci&shy;ety, see the need for rad&shy;ical change and, most im&shy;port&shy;ant, are pre&shy;pared to do some&shy;thing about it.
-{{tab}}Now tell these re&shy;main&shy;ing people that you are de&shy;scrib&shy;ing an an&shy;arch&shy;ist so&shy;ci&shy;ety and that the method of achiev&shy;ing it is an&shy;arch&shy;ism and you are left with a few curi&shy;ous people and the con&shy;vinced liber&shy;tar&shy;ians. Why then do so many well-<wbr>in&shy;ten&shy;tioned people re&shy;ject an&shy;arch&shy;ism and devote their ener&shy;gies to short-<wbr>term solu&shy;tions to hu&shy;man prob&shy;lems which rarely deal to last&shy;ing good? One of the main reas&shy;ons is that they re&shy;gard an&shy;arch&shy;ism as im&shy;prac&shy;tic&shy;able. The ar&shy;gu&shy;ments used to sup&shy;port this as&shy;ser&shy;tion fall into two cat&shy;egor&shy;ies: the first con&shy;cerns as&shy;sump&shy;tions which an&shy;arch&shy;ists are falsely ac&shy;cused of mak&shy;ing; the second con&shy;cerns views they do ex&shy;press. The first group are the fa&shy;mil&shy;iar {{q|ra&shy;tion&shy;al&shy;isa&shy;tion}} based on fear, pre&shy;ju&shy;dice and ig&shy;nor&shy;ance. Such as {{q|an&shy;arch&shy;ists be&shy;lieve people are natur&shy;ally good}} when all that is main&shy;tained is that they could be good enough to live in a free so&shy;ci&shy;ety. Or that {{q|you can{{t}} change hu&shy;man nature}} (whatever that is) when what you hope to change is hu&shy;man be&shy;ha&shy;viour. Or that {{q|men are con&shy;cerned primar&shy;ily with self-<wbr>in&shy;terest}} which is true and the cre&shy;ation of a har&shy;mo&shy;ni&shy;ous so&shy;ci&shy;ety is surely in every&shy;one{{s}} self in&shy;terest. Or it is poin&shy;ted out that priv&shy;ate grief and per&shy;sonal ant&shy;agon&shy;isms would still ex&shy;ist in a free so&shy;ci&shy;ety as though lover{{s|r}} quar&shy;rels ne&shy;ces&shy;sit&shy;ate a stand&shy;ing army.
+{{tab}}Now tell these re&shy;main&shy;ing people that you are de&shy;scrib&shy;ing an an&shy;arch&shy;ist so&shy;ci&shy;ety and that the method of achiev&shy;ing it is an&shy;arch&shy;ism and you are left with a few curi&shy;ous people and the con&shy;vinced liber&shy;tar&shy;ians. Why then do so many well-<wbr>in&shy;ten&shy;tioned people re&shy;ject an&shy;arch&shy;ism and devote their ener&shy;gies to short-<wbr>term solu&shy;tions to hu&shy;man prob&shy;lems which rarely deal to last&shy;ing good? One of the main reas&shy;ons is that they re&shy;gard an&shy;arch&shy;ism as im&shy;prac&shy;tic&shy;able. The ar&shy;gu&shy;ments used to sup&shy;port this as&shy;ser&shy;tion fall into two cat&shy;egor&shy;ies: the first con&shy;cerns as&shy;sump&shy;tions which an&shy;arch&shy;ists are falsely ac&shy;cused of mak&shy;ing; the second con&shy;cerns views they do ex&shy;press. The first group are the fa&shy;mil&shy;iar {{q|ra&shy;tion&shy;al&shy;isa&shy;tion}} based on fear, pre&shy;ju&shy;dice and ig&shy;nor&shy;ance. Such as {{q|an&shy;arch&shy;ists be&shy;lieve people are natur&shy;ally good}} when all that is main&shy;tained is that they could be good enough to live in a free so&shy;ci&shy;ety. Or that {{q|you can{{t}} change hu&shy;man nature}} (whatever that is) when what you hope to change is hu&shy;man be&shy;ha&shy;viour by creat&shy;ing a so&shy;ciety which pro&shy;motes good be&shy;ha&shy;viour. Or that {{q|men are con&shy;cerned primar&shy;ily with self-<wbr>in&shy;terest}} which is true and the cre&shy;ation of a har&shy;mo&shy;ni&shy;ous so&shy;ci&shy;ety is surely in every&shy;one{{s}} self-<!-- hyphen omitted in original -->in&shy;terest. Or it is poin&shy;ted out that priv&shy;ate grief and per&shy;sonal ant&shy;agon&shy;isms would still ex&shy;ist in a free so&shy;ci&shy;ety as though lover{{s|r}} quar&shy;rels ne&shy;ces&shy;sit&shy;ate a stand&shy;ing army.
 {{tab}}The second cat&shy;egory of ob&shy;jec&shy;tions, however, those based on ac&shy;tual an&shy;arch&shy;ist ideas in&shy;cludes many valid points which must be con&shy;sidered if an&shy;arch&shy;ism is ever to be&shy;come a prac&shy;tical, pos&shy;it&shy;ive force in so&shy;ci&shy;ety. There must be plenty of people, per&shy;haps even a few in high places, who would be glad to adopt liber&shy;tar&shy;ian solu&shy;tions to hu&shy;man prob&shy;lems if they thought such solu&shy;tions real&shy;istic. They often do adopt them in {{p|289}}lim&shy;ited fields but this is not enough. {{w|Pre-Hitler Ger&shy;many|Weimar_Republic}} was full of ex&shy;per&shy;i&shy;ments in {{w|art|German_art#Weimar_period}} and {{w|films|Cinema_of_Germany#1918.E2.80.931933_Weimar_Republic}}, {{w|psycho-ana&shy;lysis|Psychoanalysis#1900.E2.80.931940s}}, {{w|nud&shy;ism|Freikörperkultur}}, {{w|wan&shy;der&shy;ing|Wandervogel}} ideal&shy;istic youth move&shy;ments but the re&shy;sult&shy;ing men&shy;tal cli&shy;mate did little to pre&shy;vent {{w|Hitler|Adolf_Hitler}}{{s}} rise to power. Indeed, really clever con&shy;trol&shy;ling classes would en&shy;cour&shy;age liber&shy;tar&shy;ian&shy;ism in un&shy;im&shy;port&shy;ant fields to divert at&shy;ten&shy;tion from the main issue which is eco&shy;nomic.
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 {{tab}}Many an&shy;arch&shy;ist ideas are of no prac&shy;tical use, have no relev&shy;ance in the modern world and should be con&shy;signed to the museum. Before going on to discuss some of these use&shy;less ideas and try&shy;ing to sug&shy;gest real&shy;istic<!-- 'realitic' in original --> al&shy;tern&shy;at&shy;ives, the word {{q|prac&shy;tic&shy;abil&shy;ity}} must be de&shy;fined, for ac&shy;cord&shy;ing to how long you are pre&shy;pared to wait and bear&shy;ing in mind the state of flux pre&shy;vail&shy;ing in pres&shy;ent so&shy;ci&shy;ety it is pos&shy;sible to argue that any&shy;thing, even the most Uto&shy;pian sci&shy;ence-<wbr>fic&shy;tion type so&shy;ci&shy;ety is prac&shy;tic&shy;able! In this art&shy;icle, however, the word means {{q|that which can reas&shy;on&shy;ably be re&shy;garded as prac&shy;tical either now or in the fore&shy;see&shy;able<!-- 'forseeable' in original --> fu&shy;ture}}<!-- no end quotation mark in original -->.
-{{tab}}Many ob&shy;jec&shy;tions con&shy;cern the shape of an an&shy;arch&shy;ist so&shy;ci&shy;ety and while this can only be de&shy;scribed in the broad&shy;cast of broad out&shy;lines there are two often heard ver&shy;sions which can well be set aside. The first is of a totally ag&shy;ri&shy;cul&shy;tural (or even pas&shy;toral) so&shy;ci&shy;ety with ma&shy;chinery dis&shy;carded. If indi&shy;viduals want this well and good and there is noth&shy;ing to pre&shy;vent them start&shy;ing next week provid&shy;ing they are cap&shy;able of mak&shy;ing the neces&shy;sary ef&shy;fort. But to ex&shy;pect whole pop&shy;u&shy;la&shy;tions to re&shy;vert<!-- 'rvert' in original --> to the simple-<wbr>life is mere wish&shy;ful think&shy;ing. The ul&shy;ti&shy;mate end of some simple-<wbr>lifers, the sort of {{w|ego-pro&shy;jec&shy;tion|Psychological_projection}} they mis&shy;take for the fu&shy;ture was aptly de&shy;scribed by [[Author:Ted Kavanagh|Ted Kavanagh]] in [[Anarchy 28/The Future of Anarchism 2|{{sc|Anarchy}} 28]] as {{q|groups of bal&shy;let dan&shy;cers ca&shy;vort&shy;ing on verd&shy;ant lawns with the {{w|Mantovani Strings|Mantovani}} in the back&shy;ground and groups of fair-<wbr>haired chil&shy;dren sing&shy;ing the verses of {{w|Pa&shy;tience Strong|Patience_Strong}}}}.
+{{tab}}Many ob&shy;jec&shy;tions con&shy;cern the shape of an an&shy;arch&shy;ist so&shy;ci&shy;ety and while this can only be de&shy;scribed in the broad&shy;est<!-- 'broadcast' in original --> of broad out&shy;lines there are two often heard ver&shy;sions which can well be set aside. The first is of a totally ag&shy;ri&shy;cul&shy;tural (or even pas&shy;toral) so&shy;ci&shy;ety with ma&shy;chinery dis&shy;carded. If indi&shy;viduals want this well and good and there is noth&shy;ing to pre&shy;vent them start&shy;ing next week provid&shy;ing they are cap&shy;able of mak&shy;ing the neces&shy;sary ef&shy;fort. But to ex&shy;pect whole pop&shy;u&shy;la&shy;tions to re&shy;vert<!-- 'rvert' in original --> to the simple-<wbr>life is mere wish&shy;ful think&shy;ing. The ul&shy;ti&shy;mate end of some simple-<wbr>lifers, the sort of {{w|ego-pro&shy;jec&shy;tion|Psychological_projection}} they mis&shy;take for the fu&shy;ture was aptly de&shy;scribed by [[Author:Ted Kavanagh|Ted Kavanagh]] in [[Anarchy 28/The Future of Anarchism 2|{{sc|Anarchy}} 28]] as {{q|groups of bal&shy;let dan&shy;cers ca&shy;vort&shy;ing on verd&shy;ant lawns with the {{w|Mantovani Strings|Mantovani}} in the back&shy;ground and groups of fair-<wbr>haired chil&shy;dren sing&shy;ing the verses of {{w|Pa&shy;tience Strong|Patience_Strong}}}}.
 {{tab}}At the other ex&shy;treme from the dream of rus&shy;tic sim&shy;pli&shy;city is the vi&shy;sion of a so&shy;ci&shy;ety in which the smal&shy;lest whim can be satis&shy;fied by pres&shy;sing a but&shy;ton. This may be pos&shy;sible in the ex&shy;treme long run but the time-<wbr>scale is enorm&shy;ous, the degree of plan&shy;ning and organ&shy;isa&shy;tion re&shy;quired is dif&shy;fi&shy;cult to visu&shy;al&shy;ise in a free so&shy;ci&shy;ety and the ma&shy;terial re&shy;sources of the world would prob&shy;ably not per&shy;mit such mas&shy;sive ma&shy;ter&shy;i&shy;al&shy;ism. The time scale is the most rel&shy;ev&shy;ant point. To ex&shy;pect people to work now for some&shy;thing which may be pos&shy;sible 1,000 years hence, is a waste of time. However, left-<wbr>wing ideas about so&shy;ci&shy;eties which be&shy;long to the re&shy;mote fu&shy;ture, in&shy;stead of stres&shy;sing the time-<wbr>scale, often give the im&shy;pres&shy;sion that such so&shy;ci&shy;eties are real&shy;is&shy;able in the next few years. The {{w|La&shy;bour Party|Labour_Party_(UK)}} made this mis&shy;take be&shy;fore {{w|com&shy;ing to power|Attlee_ministry}} in 1945. Their pre-elec&shy;tion pro&shy;pa&shy;ganda prom&shy;ised a higher stand&shy;ard of liv&shy;ing, less work and to free the {{w|Em&shy;pire|British_Empire}} on which the mea&shy;gre liv&shy;ing stand&shy;ards largely de&shy;pended. All this in the after&shy;math of a de&shy;struct&shy;ive {{w|war|World_War_II}}. They for&shy;got to make clear the length of time neces&shy;sary to ef&shy;fect such a pro&shy;gramme and the re&shy;sult was that many Labour voters<!-- 'voter' in original --> be&shy;came dis&shy;il&shy;lu&shy;sioned when the So&shy;cial&shy;ist Utopia wasn{{t}} crea&shy;ted be&shy;tween 1945 and 1951. The hard fact is that there isn{{t}} enough pro&shy;duct&shy;ive ca&shy;pa&shy;city in ex&shy;ist&shy;ence now to pro&shy;vide the whole world with the stand&shy;ard of the {{p|290}}Brit&shy;ish work&shy;ing-class of 1900. Be&shy;fore going any fur&shy;ther with ideas of a shiny new world with every&shy;thing on tap re&shy;mem&shy;ber that at this mo&shy;ment most people haven{{t}} got the bare es&shy;sen&shy;tials and that due to pop&shy;u&shy;la&shy;tion in&shy;creases the aver&shy;age world liv&shy;ing stand&shy;ard is ac&shy;tu&shy;ally de&shy;creas&shy;ing. In world terms they Brit&shy;ish are ex&shy;ploit&shy;ers. Our stand&shy;ard of liv&shy;ing still de&shy;pends very much on the sweat of Asia and Africa. Coupled with the fact that people in rich coun&shy;tries will prob&shy;ably have to tighten not loosen their belts if a uni&shy;ver&shy;sal healthy liv&shy;ing stand&shy;ard is to be reached and main&shy;tained is the fact that people in a heavy-<wbr>con&shy;sump&shy;tion free so&shy;ci&shy;ety would have to show a great deal of pa&shy;tience while the garden cities and auto&shy;mated factor&shy;ies were being con&shy;struc&shy;ted. Who gets the first and who gets the ones in&shy;her&shy;ited from the pre&shy;ced&shy;ing cap&shy;it&shy;al&shy;ism? Re&shy;mem&shy;ber it{{s}} not a mat&shy;ter of wait&shy;ing ten minutes in a bus queue but of wait&shy;ing years, pos&shy;sibly dec&shy;ades, while con&shy;struc&shy;tion is going on. If people in such a free so&shy;ci&shy;ety can vol&shy;un&shy;tar&shy;ily re&shy;strict con&shy;sump&shy;tion in the ini&shy;tial stages and wati their turn for new pro&shy;ducts then they can surely do without lux&shy;ury gim&shy;micks and gad&shy;gets al&shy;to&shy;gether.

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 {{tab}}A sens&shy;ible ma&shy;ter&shy;ial stand&shy;ard for any type of so&shy;ci&shy;ety, free or not, is one which is healthy and whole&shy;some and eas&shy;ily at&shy;tain&shy;able on a large scale.
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Anarchism and practicability}}
 [[Category:Anarchist philosophy]]
 [[Category:Articles]]